Groundwater Management
Boreholes are effective ways of tapping into the water bearing aquifer below the ground and
pumping the water to the surface. Boreholes for extracting water consist essentially of a
vertically drilled shaft, a strong lining (casing) to prevent collapse of the walls, which includes
a means of allowing clean water to enter the borehole space (screen), surface protection, and a
means of extracting water. The exploitation of ground water is a complicated process which
involves sinking a narrow shaft into the ground to reach the aquifer by using a drilling rig.
Failure is sometimes experienced when carrying out borehole drilling operations or when using
installed borehole systems. These failures are caused by several complications which may arise
from poor maintenance and rehabilitation of boreholes, lack of expertise poor choice of
technology, and poor supervision of the drilling project In order to prevent these complications,
the following measures must be taken: proper maintenance and rehabilitation of bore hole,
proper pump installation and maintenance, proper supervision of borehole projects, the use of
appropriate drilling technology and the standardization of borehole design and drilling process.